The purified brine is then fed into an electrolytic cell, where it is separated into its constituent ions under the influence of a direct electric current. In this process, brine is first purified to remove impurities such as calcium and magnesium ions that can interfere with the electrolysis. ProductionĬhlorine is produced industrially by the electrolysis of a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl), known as brine. However, these sources are typically less economically viable for large-scale production of chlorine. Chlorine can be extracted from salt using several methods, including the electrolysis of brine, which is a solution of sodium chloride in water.Ĭhlorine can also be found in other natural sources such as seawater, underground brine deposits, and certain minerals such as halite and sylvite. The most common source of chlorine is sodium chloride, also known as table salt, which is found in large deposits around the world. However, it is abundant in nature and is widely distributed throughout the Earth’s crust in the form of various compounds such as chlorides, chlorates, and perchlorates. OccurrenceĬhlorine is a highly reactive element and is not found naturally in its pure form in the environment. Its discovery and subsequent understanding have had a significant impact on chemistry and technology. It is also used as a disinfectant in water treatment, swimming pools, and in the pharmaceutical industry. Today, chlorine is widely used in various industries such as in the production of PVC plastics and other organic compounds. In 1823, Michael Faraday liquefied chlorine for the first time, demonstrating that what was then known as “solid chlorine” had a structure of chlorine hydrate (Cl 2 The name “halogen”, meaning “salt producer”, was originally used for chlorine in 1811 by Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger. At that time, he named this new element “chlorine”, from the Greek word χλωρος (chlōros, “green-yellow”), in reference to its color. He announced his results to the Royal Society on 15 November that year. In 1810, Sir Humphry Davy tried the same experiment again, and concluded that the substance was an element, and not a compound. So a number of chemists, including Claude Berthollet, suggested that Scheele’s dephlogisticated muriatic acid air must be a combination of oxygen and the yet undiscovered element, muriaticum. He observed several of the properties of chlorine: the bleaching effect on litmus, the deadly effect on insects, the yellow-green color, and the smell similar to aqua regia.Ĭommon chemical theory at that time held that an acid is a compound that contains oxygen. Scheele produced chlorine by reacting MnO 2 (as the mineral pyrolusite) with HCl. Chlorine gas was first studied in detail in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, and he is credited with the discovery. The most common compound of chlorine, sodium chloride, has been known since ancient times. Learn how to find: Chlorine valence electronsĬarl Wilhelm Scheele | source: Encyclopedia Britannica Learn how to find: Chlorine protons neutrons electrons Greek word “chloros” (which means greenish yellow) Chlorine location on periodic tableChlorine is found in the third row of the periodic table, next to the sulfur element.
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